were quite scarce. Consequently, learning required a significant amount of memorization. Of course, repetition was the key to this process, as the rabbis of the Talmud (a rabbinic compilation of principles, discussions, and decisions regarding behavior in keeping with the Torah) were quick to remind their students: “If one learns Torah and does not go over it again and again, he is like a man who sows without reaping” (Sanhedrin 99a). Through the use of memory aids and constant repetition, the people